Integrated Annual Report 2025

This table illustrates the applications of industrial gases (N₂, O₂, Ar, noble gases, CO₂, CO, H₂) by industry sector, as well as their main benefits: Efficiency, Health, Decarbonization and Environment, Safety.

Electronics. 

Efficiencies/Safety: N₂ (Inerting, Purging), Rare gases (Etching, Inerting).

Efficiencies: O₂ (Oxidant), Ar (Wafer manufacturing, semiconductor processes),  CO (Etching), H₂ (Lithography).

Decarbonization & Environment: CO₂ (Lithography, cleaning).

Steel.

Efficiencies/Safety: N₂ (Inerting, purging).

Efficiencies: O₂ (Melting, refining, pre-reduced iron ore), Ar (Stainless steel production, inerting), H₂ (Heat treatment, pre-reduced iron ore).

Decarbonization & Environment: CO₂ (Carbon capture, utilization, and storage).

Refining.

Efficiencies/Safety: N₂ (Inerting, Purging), Rare gases (Etching, Inerting).

Efficiencies/Decarbonization & Environment: O₂ (Oxygen enrichment, Sulfur removal), CO₂ (Carbon capture, utilization, and storage).

Decarbonization & Environment: H₂ (Desulfurization, Sustainable Fuels).

Chemicals.

Efficiencies/Safety: N₂ (Inerting and Raw Materials).

Efficiencies/Decarbonization & Environment: O₂ (Oxidation, Water Treatment).

Efficiencies: H₂ (Reducing Agent, Raw Material, Low-Carbon Energy).

Safety:  Rare gases (Leak Detection).

Decarbonization & Environment: CO₂ (Raw materials, Carbon capture, utilization, and storage, and Reagent), CO (Production of organic chemicals).

Healthcare.

Healthcare: O₂ (Therapy).

Food and Pharma.

Efficiencies/Safety: N₂ (Freezing, Food Preservation, and Inerting).

Efficiencies/Decarbonization & Environment: O₂ (Water Treatment, Aquaculture).

Efficiencies: CO₂ (Carbonation, Food Processing, Freezing), H₂ (Food Processing).

Safety: Ar (Inerting, Food Preservation).

Automotive and Fabrication.

Efficiencies: N₂ (heat treatment, welding, cutting), O₂ (welding, cutting, electric battery manufacturing), Ar (welding, heat treatment, additive manufacturing), noble gases and CO₂ (welding), H₂ (heat treatment).

Craftsmen & Retail.

Efficiencies: O₂ and Ar (welding and cutting).

Safety: N₂ (inerting).

Materials and energy.

Efficiencies/Safety: N₂ (inerting, extrusion, oil and gas recovery).

Efficiencies: O₂ (combustion, ozonation, mineral processing), Ar (refining, atmospheric protection), noble gases (lighting, window insulation, optical fiber manufacturing).

Technology and Research.

Efficiencies: N₂ (analysis, purging), Ar (analysis), H₂ (analysis, optical fiber manufacturing).

Efficiencies/Decarbonization & Environment: O₂ (analysis).

Efficiencies/Safety: CO₂ (dry ice, analysis).

Low-carbon mobility.

Efficiencies/Decarbonization & Environment: H₂ (low-carbon fuel).